Chinese reflexology is the ancient art of healing by working pressure points on the feet, hands and ears, which correspond to different parts of the body. Chinese reflexology is a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which utilizes energy zones on the hands and feet to energize the body system and provide relief for a variety of illnesses. Chinese reflexology is commonly referred as foot massage by most of the Chinese people.

Chinese reflexology is based on the concept of energy channels, which is the central point. Chinese reflexology works on the principle that vital energy is channeled along various lines throughout the body, which are known as meridians or zones. In Chinese reflexology they are called zones. These zones transverse throughout the body and are curved or zig-zag pathways. The focus of Chinese reflexology is mainly on the zones of feet and on the reflex areas. These points are stimulated by specific pressure techniques.

It was discovered by some chinese people that Chi, or life energy, circulates in the body along the meridians or zones. There are 12 bi-lateral zones and each one of it is connected and related to a specific organ. Due to the connection and relation of these meridians or zones with a specific organ, they have a partner meridian organ that consists of a yin and yang. The body is regulated by yin organs, which are dense, blood filled types of tissue. Yang organs are the hollow organs that are involved in absorption and discharge from the body. There is a constant interaction between these two forces. But if the balance between the organs is interrupted, the flow of Chi throughout the body will be affected, resulting in illness.

Due to the illness, chi or vital energy pathways in the body are blocked thereby preventing the body from functioning normally. Chinese reflexology helps to unblock these pathways by eliminating the toxins from the body and improving circulation. This restores the balance between yin and yang forces, which in turn encourages healing and strengthens the body. Since each spot on the sole of foot corresponds to an internal organ, Chinese reflexology concentrates mainly on the foot. The theory of Chinese reflexology assumes that an ailment of an internal organ is associated with the nerve ending on the sole of the foot.

Chinese Reflexology involves applying firm pressure in sweeping movements on the various points of the feet with stimulating foot cream. Before the massage, the patient’s feet are kept warm by soaking them for about ten minutes in a footbath, which is a dark colored solution of hot water and Chinese herbs. The patient is also given warm fluids such as green tea throughout the massage session. This is done to improve circulation. The massage therapist then moisturizes the foot by using medicated cream. The medicated cream also helps to provide lubrication.

The therapist usually uses the knuckles on his hand since it provides a hard and smooth implement for the massage. As soon as the pressure is applied to the sole, if the patient doesn’t feel any strong pain then he is perfectly healthy as per the theory of Chinese reflexology. The massage therapists or reflexologists believe that the painful spots reflect illnesses of other parts of the body. So they rub and massage the painful spots to break down rough spots and accumulated crystals and increase circulation. The illnesses are cured when the sore spots of the sole are treated and removed by massage.

Based on the theory of Chinese reflexology, some shoe liners are made with pressure points to stimulate the soles of the feet in order to promote better health of the overall body. But the nature of these crystals has yet to be explained or demonstrated scientifically.

Traditionally known as a Traditional Chinese Medicine technique, cupping can be mastered by massage therapists to complement their professional repertoire. Discover several cupping variations, as well as the theory behind this traditional practice.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

One of the therapies employed by practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), cupping is a powerful, manual technique for breaking up localized congestion. While it does require some additional training, cupping is within the scope of practice for most practicing massage therapists. Armed with expert guidance and a basic understanding of TCM theory, bodyworkers can deliver a deep, therapeutic cupping treatment while giving their hands a respite from the rigors of their profession.

What is Cupping?
Originally practiced to drain toxins from snakebites and skin lesions, cupping began by using hollowed out animal horns to suck poisons out of a recipient’s skin. As more was learned about human physiology, the therapeutic applications of cupping were applied to an increasing number of health conditions. Accompanying the progression of this therapy, the cups originally crafted from horns evolved to bamboo, then glass and sometimes plastic.

Records have proven that ancient cultures of China, Greece and Egypt regarded cupping as a medical practice as early as 28 A.D. Over the years, practitioners have relied on cupping’s strong suction to increase circulation for:

· Tightened or painful muscles
· Sprains or strains
· Pinched nerves
· Lung congestion
· Menstrual irregularities
· Inflamed breasts
· Lactation dysfunction
· Gastrointestinal disorders
· Cough
· Asthma

Cupping Variations
There are several cupping variations within a massage therapist’s scope of practice:

· Fire Twinkling Method – The practitioner clamps, then ignites a piece of alcohol-soaked cotton, places the flame into a glass cup, removes it quickly, and then inverts the cup onto the skin. Because the flame consumes the cup’s oxygen, a strong suction is created.

· Suction Pump Method – Usually composed of plastic, these cupping sets allow the practitioner to use a pump to remove oxygen from the cup, thus creating suction.

· Stationary Cupping – This is when a cup is applied to a specific, congested location and left there for up to 15 minutes.

· Running Cupping – This is when plenty of lubricant is applied to a broad area, a cup is adhered to the body, and then moved around without breaking the seal. Massage therapists can mimic several types of massage strokes by working with this technique.

Cupping Theory
Cupping is known for its ability to break up localized stagnation. Cupping is reputed to:

· Drain excess fluids and toxins
· Loosen adhesions
· Lift connective tissue
· Enhance circulation in stagnant musculature and fascia
· Stimulate the peripheral nervous system

In terms of TCM theory, the stagnation can be of just about any type: blood, toxins, qi or dampness. The suction created by cupping draws stagnant toxins, heat, energy or fluid out of where it has accumulated and brings it to the body’s surface. Once under the skin, the offending culprit can more easily be eliminated via the body’s waste removal systems.

Based on cupping’s most popular applications, the following conditions benefit from stagnation dispersal. For clarity, this is further broken down by stagnation type:

1. Blood Stagnation – Injuries, adhesions, menstrual irregularities

2. Stagnant Toxins – Gastrointestinal disorders, rigid muscles, breast inflammation

3. Qi Stagnation – Muscular pain, dysmenorrhea, pinched nerves

4. Fluid Stagnation – Lung congestion, asthma, lactation dysfunction

Once an adhesion or congestion is pulled away from its source, fresh blood, energy and fluids rush in to expedite healing. Besides sparing the practitioner’s hands from demanding physical labor, this dramatic increase in circulation makes cupping a valuable complement to bodywork. By learning about TCM stagnation theories and becoming practiced in the art of cupping, massage therapists have a unique and effective tool to bring their clients closer to their health goals.

For more information about cupping, look for the upcoming article, “Cupping for Massage Therapists: Part II.”

Recommended Study:
Shiatsu Anma Therapy

References:

http://www.massagecupping.com/, History of Cupping, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Cupping Bodywork Therapy, 2008.

http://www.massagemag.com/spa/treatment/cupping.php, The Art of Massage Cupping, Anita J. Shannon, LBMT, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Magazine Inc., 2008.

http://www.massagetoday.com/archives/2004/02/04.html, Massage Cupping Therapy for Health Care Professionals, Anita J. Shannon, LMBT, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Today, February 2004.

Liangyue, Deng, et al, Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, 3rd printing, 1993: 346-347.

Posted by Editors on October 8, 2008 02:00 PM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org <http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Discover 10 massage cupping tips, and review the clinical support for this ancient healing art. This is the second installment of this invaluable 3-part article.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

More massage therapists than ever are embracing additional complementary approaches for healing. Likely a result of the increasing popularity of massage therapy and, thus, the greater demand for highly trained practitioners, cupping has sparked interest in many massage therapy practices. While there isn’t an abundance of scientific evidence proving cupping’s effectiveness, its ability to promote circulation is well-known to practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Bodyworkers wanting to learn more about the tradition of cupping can experiment with the massage cupping techniques described below.

For a basic understanding of what cupping is, its general variations and the theories supporting its use, read TCM Cupping and Massage: Part I.

Cupping Massage Techniques
Being familiar with several massage cupping techniques can help a bodyworker confidently include cupping in his/her range of services. Below are ten suggestions for effective massage cupping:

1. The level of suction for running cupping should be gentler than that used for stationary cupping.

2. Prior to applying cups for running cupping, administer plenty of oil to the area being cupped to facilitate smooth cup movement.

3. When moving the cups, the movement should be smooth without the practitioner applying downward pressure, because that would inhibit the suction effect.

4. The broad area of the back is one of the best surfaces for running cupping. The back can generally accommodate the larger cups.

5. Imitating a long stroke with the cups can help drain fluid accumulation.

6. Circular movements with a cup over a specific area can help release stubborn knots, adhesions and other types of rigid tissue.

7. Applying a diluted essential oil to the skin immediately following running cupping will facilitate its absorption into the tissue.

8. Long strokes along the ribs can improve ribcage expansion and benefit deep breathing.

9. Vigorous circling with the cups on the gluteus maximus can help ease certain types of sciatica.

10. Strong stationary cupping on the Lung Back Shu points can help relieve chest congestion, coughing and asthma.

Evidence
Although the clinical support endorsing massage cupping is sparse, centuries of successful case studies have perpetuated its use. Since cupping falls under the umbrella of Traditional Chinese Medicine, most of the research on this modality has been conducted within a TCM setting.

The variation known as wet-cupping has dominated a majority of cupping’s research, and wet-cupping does not fall under a massage therapist’s scope of practice. Wet-cupping is when the skin is pricked with a lancet, then covered with a cup to draw out the stagnant blood. Bypassing the research on wet-cupping, a couple of clinical trials evaluated massage or stationary cupping in isolation:

1. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Chinese researchers observed the therapeutic effect of multiple, stationary cupping at the back-shu points on participants with chronic fatigue syndrome. By comparing their clinical symptoms before and after treatment with either cupping or acupuncture, the researchers found that cupping’s ability to reduce chronic fatigue symptoms far surpassed acupuncture’s effectiveness.

2. Senile Dementia – Researchers evaluated the effect of running cupping (massage cupping) on participants with senile dementia. Running cupping was performed over the spine (the Governing Vessel channel) and along the sides of the spine (the Urinary Bladder channel). The investigators determined that running cupping improved dementia’s symptoms as evidenced by increased measures of bodily strength, memories, feelings and movement.

While these two studies represent just a small percentage of a bodyworker’s clientele, the empirical evidence supporting massage cupping has preserved its practice for centuries.

Using cups to massage the body can be incorporated into most bodywork sessions. By learning about this modality and practicing different running cupping techniques, practitioners can add another layer of therapeutic effectiveness to their treatments.

For information about cupping’s cautions and contraindications, look for the upcoming article, TCM Cupping and Massage: Part III.

Recommended Study:
Aromatherapy Essentials
Shiatsu Anma Therapy

References:
http://www.massagemag.com/spa/treatment/cupping.php, The Art of Massage Cupping, Anita J. Shannon, LBMT, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Magazine Inc., 2008.

http://www.massagetoday.com/archives/2004/02/04.html, Massage Cupping Therapy for Health Care Professionals, Anita J. Shannon, LMBT, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Today, February 2004.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18306448?ordinalpos=31&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum, The efficacy of wet-cupping in the treatment of tension and migraine headache, Ahmadi A, et al, Retrieved October 1, 2008, American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2008;36(1):37-44.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630535?ordinalpos=10&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum, Observation on therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points on chronic fatigue syndrome, Chen GL, et al, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Zhongguo Zhen Jiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion), June 2008.

http://www.siom.edu/resources/class05/brown/sdrc.html, Treatment of Senile Dementia with Running Cupping Along Back Shu Points: 18 Cases, Translated by Jennifer Lynn Brown, Retrieved October 1, 2008, New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, December 1996.

Posted by Editors on November 6, 2008 11:59 AM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org <http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Before massage therapists add cupping to their menu of services, they must have a firm grasp of cupping’s cautions and contraindications. This is the final installment of this important 3-part article.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Because cupping gives massage therapists a break from deep tissue work while delivering a powerful therapeutic benefit, it is an ideal supplement to a massage therapy practice. While cupping is a relatively simple practice, there is a lot to learn about this method before mastering it. In addition to the flawless application and manipulation of cups, knowing what conditions it helps most and why cupping works, practicing therapists must know about cupping’s cautions and contraindications.

For background information on cupping, read TCM, Cupping and Massage: Part I and TCM, Cupping and Massage: Part II.

The therapeutic benefits to massage cupping are far-reaching. However, practitioners who include cupping in their repertoire must log in a significant amount of practice before performing it on clients. In order to assure its effectiveness and maintain cupping’s safety, massage therapists must be extra careful to prevent burns, apply the right level of suction and be familiar with all of the associated contraindications.

Fire Cautions
Because it can provide a strong suction without causing tissue damage, the fire twinkling method is the traditionally preferred method of cupping by many practitioners. Nonetheless, when using the fire twinkling method, therapists must be attentive, quick and agile to prevent burning their clients. The following tips help prevent burns or fire hazards:

· Protect – Since the practitioners must place the flame into the cup in close proximity to their clients for quick adherence, the client’s skin, hair, clothing and anything flammable (hair product, oils, linens) must be protected from catching fire. Being alert is crucial to providing such protection.

· Plan – Logistical planning prior to cupping is essential to minimize any fire hazards. Once the flame is withdrawn from the cup, the cup is applied and the flame is blown-out, place the hot, alcohol-soaked cotton ball on a stable, non-flammable surface. Because the flame may not be 100 percent extinguished, practitioners must make sure it cannot re-ignite what it is resting on, or roll off onto something flammable. A wide porcelain bowl on a firm surface (not the massage table) is a good choice.

· Timing – Choosing the amount of time the flame is held inside the cup can be a fine line between too short and too long. If the lit cotton is in the cup for too short a time, it will not create sufficient negative pressure for suction. If the lit cotton is in the cup for too long, the lip of the cup will become very hot and could burn the client. Until mastery over cupping is achieved, practitioners should always err on the flame occupying the cup for a shorter period of time. If insufficient suction occurs, the process can always be repeated.

Suction Cautions and Contraindications
Whether you choose the fire twinkling or suction pump method to apply the cups, the therapist must avoid cupping’s contraindications and be careful with the degree of suction used.

· Bruising – While stationary cupping typically causes more bruising than massage cupping, either technique can leave large, unsightly bruises in the cups’ wake. (To review the difference between these cupping variations, read TCM, Cupping and Massage: Part I.) To prevent surprised and angry recipients, make sure to discuss this possibility with your client prior to using this modality.

· Degree of Suction – Getting strong enough suction is key to cupping’s effectiveness. Although, too strong of a suction could damage the tissue or even create a blister. Cupping’s intensity depends upon the following: the speed the cup is placed on the skin after the flame has been removed, the strength of the flame (certain alcohol burns hotter than others) and the size of the cup. Therefore, practicing the balance between these variables will help the therapist determine a safe cupping routine. Practitioners will find that it is very challenging to obtain suction over irregular angles, thin muscles or on areas with lots of body hair.

· Contraindications – Just like any modality that strongly invigorates the circulation, there are some situations where cupping should be avoided. Cupping should not be done on a client with a fever, convulsions or cramps, over allergic skin conditions, ulcerated sores or large blood vessels. In addition, cupping is contraindicated on the abdomen or lower back of pregnant women or on those with a bleeding disorder.

Cupping is a relatively simple application that, when done correctly, can relieve many types of congestion in the body. Despite its simplicity, there is a great deal to learn about cupping before it can be safely administered. By reducing fire hazards, preventing burns, practicing timing, informing your client about the potential for bruising, refining your degree of suction and memorizing cupping’s contraindications, therapists are better prepared to add this valuable technique to their massage practice.

References:

http://www.massagemag.com/spa/treatment/cupping.php, The Art of Massage Cupping, Anita J. Shannon, LBMT, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Magazine Inc., 2008.

http://www.massagetoday.com/archives/2004/02/04.html, Massage Cupping Therapy for Health Care Professionals, Anita J. Shannon, LMBT, Retrieved October 1, 2008, Massage Today, February 2004.

http://www.naturalnews.com/z020253.html, Ancient Chinese technique of cupping offers pain relief without drugs or surgery, Alexis Black, Retrieved October 9, 2008, Natural News Network, August 2006.

Liangyue, Deng, et al, Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, 3rd printing, 1993, 346-347.

Tierra, Lesley, L.Ac., The Herbs of Life, The Crossing Press, Freedom, CA, 1992, 148-149.

Posted by Editors on November 25, 2008 04:17 PM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org <http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Are your client sessions already starting to heat up to an uncomfortable level this summer? Here’s how to support the body’s cooling mechanisms without losing the assistance heat lends to therapeutic massage.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

As summer sends the mercury rising, intolerance to excessive heat grows. When it comes to massage administration, this intolerance poses a contradiction. The nature of bodywork is enhanced with warmth, as higher temperatures encourage tissue relaxation and fluid circulation. However, when a person is overheated, adding even more heat is anything but therapeutic.

At first thought, a cooling technique, such as ice massage, appears to be a logical technique to balance the fiery heat of summer. While valuable for reducing inflammation in acute sports injury work, ice massage will not increase local circulation or relax tense muscles. The solution to providing a balanced therapeutic massage this season is to find ways to support body cooling without sacrificing the aid of warmth in the healing process. Try incorporating some of the following suggestions, or use them to jumpstart your own ideas into your summer client sessions:

1. Cool moonstones - Consider learning how to do a cool moonstone facial. While hot stone massage is a popular choice in colder months, the heat translated by hot stones can be too warming for many individuals already heated by summer’s temperature. The Institute offers the continuing education course, Stone Massage, which includes cool moonstone facial instruction. In addition to the moonstone facial, cool stones can be held in the palm or placed behind the neck to comfortably reduce body temperature.

2. Aloe Vera – A massage medium containing aloe vera creates a cooling sensation, and is particularly effective on sunburned skin. When applied to the lower legs and feet, aloe vera can bring the body’s temperature down a few degrees without inhibiting circulation or relaxation.

3. Room Temperature – The temperature in your massage setting is always a crucial factor, particularly during summertime. Especially if a client is already perspiring and feeling warm, stepping into a hot, stuffy room will only perpetuate their experience of heat. A ceiling fan’s slow setting is an ideal choice to make certain there is air circulation in the treatment space. However, finding the right semblance of cool can be a fine line, as an air conditioner blowing directly on a client can initiate muscular tension and contraction from its chill.

4. Hydrosol Misting – Hydrosols are the pure, water-based solutions created when essential oils are steam distilled. Take advantage of the cooling properties of peppermint or wintergreen to cool and refresh your client. When spraying a hydrosol mist, be aware of and refrain from its use if there are any contraindications present. Additionally, avoid irritation with any essential oil derivative by preventing any eye or mucus membrane contact.

5. Cucumber eye pats – Often used in spa settings, a disc of fresh cucumber placed over the eyes can cool down a flushed face quickly. The cooling and moisturizing properties of cucumber are ideal for a supine client struggling with a hot perspiring body. Always seek permission before placing fresh veggies on your client’s face.

6. Water consumption – Staying hydrated in the heat is crucial, especially when combined with bodywork’s characteristic release of toxins. To reduce overheating, offer your client a bottle of water to sip during, as well as after, your session.

7. Cooling Acupressure – According to Oriental Medical Theory, working the following two locations can reduce internal body heat:

Large Intestine 11 – Located at the lateral end of the transverse cubital crease, midway between the radial side of the biceps brachii tendon and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. This is a traditional point to reduce fever, revive from heatstroke and reduce all kinds of internal heat conditions.

Governing Vessel 14 – Located just below the spinous process of cervical vertebrae 7. The main point for reducing summer heat, all of the yang (heat containing) meridians intersect here, and is therefore an extremely accessible location to release interior body heat. When this intersection of yang energy is opened, it reduces the accumulation of body heat.

Being aware of your client’s body temperature translates into your awareness of their comfort. The differences in body constitutions will lead some individuals to extreme discomfort in the heat while others will feel their best. When a therapist pays attention to temperature variations and then institutes methods to balance those variations, the client’s experience will be that much more beneficial and therapeutic.

Recommended Study:

Stone Massage

References:

McCampbell, Harvest, Light Summer Massage Lotion Recipe, Massage Magazine, January/February 2001.

www.qi-elements.com, The Five Element Theory, Stefan Karlsson, Dipl. Ac., 2006.

www.tofinotime.com, Summer, Fire, Spirit, Tofinotime Magazine, June 2004.

www.yinyanghouse.com, Acupuncture Points Database, Yin Yang House, 2006.

Posted by Editors at 01:01 PM

© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Understanding Oriental Medical theory to appropriately choose the best acupressure points typically requires years of post-graduate education. Our experts have provided a quick and easy summary of three common health imbalances and recommended point combinations most supportive of their healing.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Most bodyworkers now perform a substantial intake evaluation prior to conducting their respective sessions. The interview process has become a requirement for conscious care, arising out of the profession’s increased presence in the healthcare industry. Once a therapist has the informative details of their client’s health, it is easier to create a customized treatment plan from the many possible massage therapy applications.

Acupressure practitioners are familiar with the meridians of the body, accessing the energy within these meridians to influence health. Out of the 12 primary meridians, the Urinary Bladder (UB) meridian is unique. With the most number of accessible points along its path, the UB meridian begins just medial to the inner canthus of the eye, ascends up the forehead, around the cranium, runs all the way down the dorsal surface of the body and finally ends at the lateral edge of the little toe. When this meridian descends along each side of the spine, UB points provide access to toning every organ system in the body.

Although not diagnosticians, bodyworkers can use the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to offer particularly beneficial treatments to their clients. In TCM, an imbalance of health is characterized by a symptomatic pattern. Discover the most beneficial points to work on the UB meridian for the following three commonly encountered imbalances:

Heart Blood Insufficiency
The symptoms of this pattern are characterized by anxiety and insomnia. Additional symptoms may include memory and concentration problems, heart palpitations, pale complexion, dizzy spells, vertigo and blurry vision. This pattern can manifest after blood loss (examples include: giving birth, surgery, trauma or heavy menses), or can be a result of chronic disease.

Working with Urinary Bladder points 15, 17 and 20 can be useful in bringing about balance to heart blood insufficiency.

UB 15 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebrae, at the height of the paraspinal muscle. This is the Associated Point of the Heart, and is indicated for its calming properties and ability to strengthen heart insufficiency.

UB 17 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the seventh thoracic vertebrae, at the height of the paraspinal muscle. This is the Influential Point of Blood, and is useful to build and nourish the blood.

UB 20 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebrae, at the height of the paraspinal muscle. This is the Associated Point of the Spleen, and is indicated because the spleen is the primary source of nourishment for making blood.

Liver Invading the Spleen
The symptoms of this pattern are characterized by abdominal distention and pain aggravated by emotional upset. Additional symptoms typically include alternating constipation and loose bowel movements, flank pain, decreased appetite, dysmennorhea, irritability, depression and fatigue. In TCM, unreleased emotions create stagnation in the liver, which in turn, disturbs the spleen’s digestive functions.

Working with Urinary Bladder points 18, 20 and 25 can be useful in bringing about balance to a liver invading the spleen.

UB 18 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the ninth thoracic vertebrae, at the height of the paraspinal muscle. This is the Associated Point of the Liver, and is used to relieve stagnation in the liver.

UB 20 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebrae, at the height of the paraspinal muscle. This is the Associated Point of the Spleen, and is indicated to strengthen the spleen’s digestive functions.

UB 25 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebrae. This is the associated point of the Large Intestine, and can help regulate the intestines.

Lung and Kidney Yang Deficiency
The symptoms of this pattern are characterized by asthma and coughing with watery sputum. Additional symptoms typically include a sensation of cold throughout the body, lower limb edema, low back cold and pain, fatigue, desire for warm beverages and breathlessness. In TCM, when the kidneys are lacking their life-giving fire and lung energy is weak, the body fails to transform fluids and warm itself. This pattern is commonly seen in chronic disease and the elderly.

Working with Urinary Bladder points 13, 23 and 43 can be useful in bringing about balance to lung and kidney yang deficiency.

UB 13 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebrae. This is the Associated Point of the Lung, and is useful in strengthening the lung.

UB 23 is located approximately two finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebrae, on the quadratus lumborum muscle. This is the Associated Point of the Kidney, and tonifies kidney yang.

UB 43 is located approximately four finger widths lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, on the spinal border of the scapula. This point is commonly used in chronic conditions where the lung and kidney need strengthening.

While arriving at the correct TCM diagnosis is complex, the key to this analytical process is looking at the pattern from an overarching perspective. There are at least five or six possible imbalances each for anxiety, stomach pain and asthma, so investigate further to see if a client’s additional symptoms fit the rest of the pattern as described. If the imbalance seems to fit the presented case, working with the UB points listed abovie will aim your client in the direction of healing and recovery.

Caution
Do not press on disintegrating discs or fractured or broken bones. If your client has a weak back, use caution with a stationary, light touch. If you have any questions or need medical advice, seek permission to discuss your client’s health with their physician.

Editor’s Note
For more information on acupressure, read the article, Ten Highly Effective Acupressure Points

References
Flaws, B., Finney, D., A Compendium of TCM Patterns and Treatments, Blue Poppy Press, 1996.

Lade, A., Acupuncture Points: Images and Functions, Eastland Press, 1989.

Liangyue, D., Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, 1993.

Maciocia, G., The Foundations of Chinese Medicine, Churchill Livingstone, 1995.

Posted by Editors at 10:39 AM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org http://www.integrative-healthcare.org

Just as the environment adjusts to each seasonal change, so does the human body. The shift into spring prompts our release of stored emotions in preparation for increased activity and productivity. Learn how bodyworkers can assist in spring’s healthful transformation of winter’s stored emotional tension.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

During the winter, we draw our energy inward to reflect, rejuvenate and rest. As the season shifts into spring, energy bursts forth, like bulbs lying dormant throughout the colder months. As daylight lengthens, contained energy begins to flow instead of being stored. Nature’s activity during early spring can be witnessed everywhere, from newly composed avian harmonies to animal mating rituals. Projects sitting on hold jump to life and bodies that have been curled up on the couch itch to move. Spring is representative of transformation and growth, bringing renewed optimism, hope and life.

According to Chinese culture, humans are microcosms of the environment, and are equally affected by the change in season. The cyclical character of energy flow creates a predominance of energy in a paired organ system during a specified time of year. According to Chinese medical theory, the energy in the liver and gallbladder systems are most active in the spring.

In addition to viewing humans as mirrors of nature, Chinese medical theory also emphasizes the interplay of physical, emotional and spiritual aspects governed by each bodily system. Encompassing much more than the western medical model’s understanding of organ structure and function, each body system also governs emotion, cognition and spirit.

The cognitive responsibility of the liver is planning while the gallbladder oversees decision-making. When the energy in these two organ systems mounts, as it naturally does each spring, there can be two possible outcomes:

1. The desired outcome is an active outpouring of creativity, productivity and release of negative patterns.
2. The undesired outcome is energetic stagnation, or resistance to allowing this energy to flow.

Restricted liver energy manifests itself as anger, frustration, depression and irritability. Disease occurs when this energy is not expressed or freed. When energy remains stuck, it coagulates, becoming thick and heavy, hampering optimal body functioning. The inability to express spring’s active energy can lead to all sorts of illnesses including migraines, PMS, heart disease and even cancer.

Because the energy in the liver and gallbladder systems increase during the spring, people often experience an increase in stress, anger and anxiety during this season. When an outlet for this energy is found, these emotions can be transformed into creativity, opportunity and change. Springtime is ideal to convert these difficult emotions by focusing on their movement and release. Nature provides us this time of year to spring clean our stored emotions. Feeling these intense emotions is a healthy first step, and indicates readiness for the second spring cleaning step: release.

Emotional release can be achieved in many different ways, and each person must find the method that works best for them. Some methods that may be useful include:

· Engaging in physical activity
· Receiving bodywork
· Verbalizing emotions to a friend or professional
· Journaling or writing about one’s feelings
· Crying and/or laughing
· Meditation and/or visualization
· Using creativity as an emotional outlet

Bodyworkers can assist in this process by understanding the need for and paying extra attention to modalities encouraging emotional release. In general, relaxing massage strokes help clients shed tension and drop resistance. Techniques to invigorate the Liver and Gallbladder meridians are especially useful in facilitating the desired free and easy flow of energy. A specific acupressure combination to address this is called The Four Gates. While The Four Gates is typically used to reduce pain, its overarching purpose benefits both physical and emotional pain by invigorating and moving stagnation. For more specific information on The Four Gates, please see the previous article, Differentiating Back Pain from Kidney Pain, under bodywork techniques for Kidney stones.

Regardless of the method used, finding the path to emotional release keeps the body, mind and spirit healthy. The natural instinct to spring clean our homes and environment answers our spiritual yearning to clear away the cobwebs (stagnation) left over from winter. When spring cleaning is applied to emotional health, our ability to plan and make decisions blossoms, and we experience renewed optimism, creativity, hope and transformation. From the Chinese perspective, the free flow of liver and gallbladder energy is the number one disease preventative, and best way to guarantee a healthy and happy year.

Posted by Editors at 04:19 PM

© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org <http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Massage therapists are often in a difficult position; western medical diagnosis is beyond their scope of practice, yet awareness and recognition of medical disorders is crucial to their client’s well-being and safety. Mistaking kidney inflammation for a muscular strain can result in inappropriate therapy. Learn how to detect kidney inflammation masquerading as back pain, and what to do about it.

One of the primary reasons for client visits to clinically oriented massage practices is back pain. Recognizing the signs of kidney inflammation enables therapists to differentiate it from a muscular strain/sprain.

Often mistaken to be tense or strained back muscles, kidney inflammation’s most prominent symptom can be back pain. Three kidney inflammatory conditions that can cause back pain are:

• Nephritis — kidney infection
• Renal calculi — kidney stones
• Polycystic kidneys

When a client complains of back pain, from the lower-thoracic to the mid-lumbar regions, it is important to rule out kidney inflammation. When the kidneys are not functioning optimally, the body’s ability to manage fluid balance is impaired, often resulting in edema. Systemic circulatory massage is inappropriate for these individuals, as it would push more fluid through an already overburdened system. Additionally, if the kidneys are inflamed, they are more susceptible to injury from vigorous massage. The kidneys are vulnerable because they are only partially protected by the rib cage. The right kidney’s location underneath the liver results in its position being slightly lower than the left kidney.

A solid, anatomical understanding of each kidney’s location will contribute to accurate differentiation. The superior border of the kidney reaches the level of the 12th thoracic vertebrae. The inferior border lies just above the horizontal plane of the umbilicus, typically level with the 3rd lumbar vertebrae. The inferior border is one finger breadth superior to the iliac crest. The center of the kidney, where the ureter is attached, is level with the intervertebral disc between the first and second lumbar vertebrae. Therefore, pain originating in the kidney is typically felt in the upper lumbar region and can radiate to the upper right or left quadrant of the abdomen.

A thorough client history and intake is an essential component of safe practice, especially when evaluating back pain. To help the bodyworker identify kidney involvement, the three kidney inflammatory conditions previously listed are explained below.

Nephritis
Nephritis typically causes tenderness, pain and swelling in the back, below the costal margin and lateral to the vertebrae. The pain can be constant or sharp, and is typically unilateral. Other symptoms can include one or more of the following:

• Dark, red or foamy urine
• Decreased urine output
• Urinary urgency and/or burning
• Groin pain
• Fever
• Recent history of sore throat
• Abdominal pain or pressure

Severe infection may also include:

• High fever
• Chills
• Extreme fatigue
• Nausea or vomiting
• Confusion
• High blood pressure
• Edema

An individual with nephritis has an impaired ability to process fluids, contraindicating circulatory massage. However, non-circulatory techniques can offer substantial benefits without challenging fluid balance. If you suspect an untreated kidney infection, an immediate referral to a physician is warranted. Medical professionals take these symptoms very seriously, as an untreated kidney infection can have dire consequences.

Kidney Stones
A kidney stone is a solid deposit of crystalline substances inside the kidney. Stone size can vary greatly, ranging from the size of a grain of sand to a small pebble. When the stones are large enough, they scrape the delicate lining of the urinary tract, causing an enormous amount of pain. The intense pain, referred to as renal colic, comes and goes in waves, is typically unilateral, and is often likened to giving birth. Additional symptoms can include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Back pain referred to the groin
• Frequent urination
• Blood in the urine
• Fever and chills, if accompanied by an infection

Those prone to kidney stones are excellent candidates for massage, as long as they are asymptomatic. If kidney stones are suspected, most sources suggest avoiding massage during the acute phase. However, some Asian styles of bodywork include specific techniques that may reduce the spasmodic pain of renal colic. These techniques involve bodywork on the following distal areas:

• The kidney area is on the sole of the foot. In reflexology, this point is near the center of the sole of the foot, level with the arch. In acupressure, this point is in the center of the width of the foot, one-third of the way down from the toes, just proximal to the distal pad of the foot. Stimulation of this area may ease kidney pain.

• According to Chinese Medicine, Stomach 36 is widely used for invigoration. This invigoration is gentle, so as not to overload the kidneys, yet effective. Stomach 36 is located four finger breadths below the eye of the knee, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia, in the tibialis anterior.

• According to Chinese Medicine, Urinary Bladder 39 opens up water passages in the lower part of the body. Urinary Bladder 39 is located in the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa, lateral from the center, on the medial border of the tendon of the biceps femoris. While deep pressure should not be applied to the back of the knee, energy techniques can be employed.

• Gently massaging the entire Kidney meridian can relax its associated organ’s tissues, calming renal colic. The Kidney meridian begins under the little toe, crosses the sole of the foot, ascends along the medial aspect of the leg, follows the postero-medial aspect of the thigh to the tip of the coccyx, and goes up the anterior aspect of the abdomen and chest to just below the clavicle. Meridian work on the foot and lower leg will have the greatest affect on the kidney.

• The Four Gates are four points used in Chinese Medicine to ease pain. Simultaneously apply pressure to Large Intestine 4, located on the dorsum of the hand, in the center of the 2nd metacarpal bone on the radial side, and Liver 3, located on the dorsum of the foot in the depression distal to the junctions of the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones. If you have access to an assistant, it is ideal to stimulate all four of these points at the same time.

Polycystic Kidneys
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disease where sacs of fluid (cysts) grow in the kidneys. If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys become damaged. The cysts may also cause pain or may get infected.

The most common symptom of PKD is high blood pressure. Other symptoms include:

• Pain in the back and side
• Abdominal pain
• Increased abdomen size
• Blood in the urine
• Frequent kidney infections

Abdominal massage is contraindicated for polycystic kidney disease. In an effort to remove toxins from the body and to prevent an excessive circulatory load on the kidneys, lymphatic drainage massage is an excellent choice for someone with PKD.

As an increased number of people with complex medical disorders seek the benefits of massage therapy, bodyworkers need to have a basic understanding of the conditions they may encounter. Practitioners should never assume back pain is due to a muscular imbalance and should have a screening process to rule out kidney inflammation in place. Taking the extra time during a client intake will enable you to administer a condition-appropriate massage, prevent symptom exacerbation and could even lead to a referral your client will be extremely thankful for.

References

Premkumar, Kalyani, The Massage Connection: Anatomy and Physiology, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2004.

Werner, Ruth, A Massage Therapist’s Guide to Pathology, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005.

www.merck.com, Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis), Merck and Co, Inc., 2006.

Posted by Nicole at 04:09 PM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org <http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Light intensity plays a significant role in creating a relaxing environment. Illuminate yourself on the principles of Feng Shui, the ancient art of design and learn what lighting works best for your massage space.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

The ancient Chinese art of design, Feng Shui, extends well beyond home decorating. Based on the premise that our environment can profoundly affect our physical, emotional and spiritual well being, many factors contribute to this style of design. First used to help farmers decide where to plant their rice fields and build their houses, Feng Shui’s principles today are used to design both interior and exterior spaces where people feel comfortable interacting with one another. Creating a space that makes you feel good includes its directional orientation, arrangement of items, spatial layout of furniture and placement of objects, as well as the source, intensity, location and direction of the room’s lighting.

Well-known to Feng Shui practitioners, lighting can dramatically transform any space. Dependant upon how it is lit, a room can be perceived as cool and sterile, small and cramped, or warm and cozy. “How a space feels,” says Feng Shui consultant and lecturer Linda Varone, RN, MA, CFS, “affects how people respond at a conscious and unconscious level. While some spaces just don’t feel right and people want to leave right away, other spaces invite people to relax and talk comfortably about personal concerns.”

Yin and Yang
Feng Shui is based on the principle of yin interplaying with yang. In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang represent the two cosmic, opposing forces of the universe. Yin is the receptive, passive, solid and cold force, while yang is the aggressive, energizing, moving and warm force. As such, light is perceived as a yang element. Using bright light within a space or shining it on an object increases the active energy of that location.

To encourage the restfulness and inactivity typically desired as part of a massage session, reducing the amount of light is favored. However, this concept does not encourage complete darkness, as achieving balance always remains the goal in Chinese-driven philosophies. The well-known yin-yang symbol represents such equilibrium, illustrating darkness following light, while each retains a small component of the other.

Effective Feng Shui occurs when yin and yang are harmoniously balanced. For example, a room with no windows, very little light and dark walls is exceedingly yin in nature, and needs a yang force to balance it. In this example, bringing in yang with appropriate lighting will stimulate the energy and transform this room into a pleasant space.

In the physical realm, light is radiant, electromagnetic energy. When light strikes the retina, it creates visual sensations, stimulating a neurological response in the brain. Revealing shape, size, texture, color, depth and location, light encourages brain activity. Desired during a massage session, a hiatus from conscious brain activity leads to increased relaxation. On the other hand, an overly darkened room can transmit feelings of depression and suffocation. Once again, finding a balance between light and dark is conducive to healing.

Flicker
Most institutionalized healthcare settings use florescent lights that function by flickering on and off up to 60 times per second. While this is too rapid for the eye to see, this flicker is noticed on a subliminal level and can cause fatigue. To counter this effect, lamps using incandescent bulbs or windows bringing in natural sunlight reduce the impact of a flicker. Although relaxation is desired in bodywork, causing fatigue from over-stimulation of the eye runs contrary to a healer’s purpose.

Hard and Soft
When choosing lighting for a massage space, it is important to consider the difference between hard and soft lighting.

Hard lighting equates to a brightly lit area, and is best suited for areas requiring attention or concentration. Hard lighting makes hallways, landings and porches safe and can help spaces seem wider. For vulnerable individuals, prolonged exposure to hard lighting creates feelings of stress. Hard lighting includes:

· Direct light (ex: spotlight)
· Fluorescent light
· High wattage bulbs

Soft lighting reduces brightness, encouraging relaxation. Also called ambient lighting, this illumination is ideal in the actual room where massage therapy is administered. Ambient lighting comes from an indirect light source that throws light against a wall or ceiling, creating soft illumination through reflection. Ambient lighting creates a relaxing, inviting atmosphere with:

· Indirect light (ex: sconces)
· Floor torchieres or uplights
· Lamp shades
· Yellow or pink lighting
· Dimmed lighting or low wattage bulbs

Diffuse, indirect, soft and low lighting are a bodyworker’s best bet in creating a relaxing, comforting and healing environment. By using the principles of Feng Shui in lighting up your massage space, you are adding another dimension to your services. Careful consideration of the type of illumination you use and how it will affect your clients is a relatively small detail that can make a big difference in your practice.

References:

www.altreligion.about.com, Yin Yang, Jennifer Emick, About Inc., 2006.

www.associatedcontent.com, Feng Shui Balancing Tools Including Color and Light, Kathy Browning, Associated Content, Inc., 2006.

www.fengshui.about.com, Feng Shui Cures, About, Inc., 2006.

www.fengshui.com,au, Lighting, Gayle Atherton, 2002.

www.feng-shui-tips.net, Fantastic Fixtures, Sally Fretwell, 2006.

www.healthliteracy.com, In Other Words…Using Feng Shui to Improve Healthcare Communication, Helen Osborne, MEd, OTR/L, Boston Globe’s On Call Magazine, May 2001.

www.qi-journal.com, Feng Shui: Light and Lighting, Sally Fretwell, Qi Journal 2006.

www.strang-inc.com, Integrated Lighting Design Boosts Performance, Strang, 2006.

Posted by Editors at 09:51 AM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org <http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/>

Combining therapeutic approaches is the cornerstone of integrative medicine. Learn how to combine two popular massage techniques to improve client sessions, and help stand out from others in your field.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Two leading massage modalities cover an even broader range of applicability when fused together. At its very essence, integrative medicine consists of combining therapeutic approaches to yield a more effective outcome. Integrating hot stone massage with the meridian principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) exemplifies how the sum can be greater than its parts.

Massage therapists are becoming increasingly adept at fusing different bodywork styles. Using different techniques from various schools is how therapists can create a signature massage. While there seems to be no end to the combinations, some provide more benefits than others. Even while working simultaneously with stones and meridians, massage professionals can imprint their own unique flair. However, a comprehensive grasp of both modalities is required before uniting stone massage with meridian work.

Hot Stone Massage
Hot stone massage is a form of thermal hydro-therapy. Using smooth, warmed, heat-retaining stones as extensions of the hands, clients receiving a well-administered hot stone massage will seek it again and again. For some, stone therapy brings unrivaled deep tissue release and alignment. For others, the heat of the stones gently softens muscular tension and melts away emotional stress. On a spiritual plane, the stones are from the earth and have an extremely grounding quality adored by many. Grounding can be very helpful to individuals struggling with issues related to sleep, headaches, dizziness, anxiety or feeling overwhelmed or scattered.

The heat of the stones, combined with the soothing gliding massage movements, warms and relaxes the muscles to a much greater extent than what can be achieved by massage alone. Proponents claim the following benefits of warmed stone bodywork:

· Increased circulation, lymph and vitality
· Release of excessive toxins
· Relief from tight muscles
· The weight and material of the stones function to ground the body
· Reduced ticklishness for many vulnerable clients
· Relaxed central nervous system (when stones are laid upon the spinal column)
· Added energetic quality to massage when incorporated with vibration (clicking or tapping of stones)

From active placement to active stone massage, there are many different ways to manipulate the stones on a person’s body. Using the heated stones to apply pressure to acupressure points, trace or rub meridians is one way to amplify the therapeutic efficacy of a treatment.

Meridian Bodywork
A part of TCM, massage along the body’s energy-containing meridians can have many therapeutic uses. According to the 3,000 year-old practice of TCM, energy that is deficient, excessive or stagnant within the body’s meridians results in imbalance and eventually, disease. By breaking up blockages and promoting energy’s free and easy flow, acupuncture and acupressure are common modalities used to influence the health of energy flow throughout these meridians. Because meridians connect every part of the body to every other part, bodyworkers are able to address all types of pain and illness at easily accessible body locations. Once the affected meridian is properly assessed, bodywork on that meridian can have seemingly miraculous results – including restoring vitality, stopping pain and restoring blood sugar levels.

TCM understands the human body as a microcosm of its surrounding environment. As such, factors affecting the environment also affect the body. Forces such as heat, cold, dryness, dampness and wind have specific implications to a person’s health. A host of common TCM pathologies evolve when excessive amounts of cold influence the urinary bladder, lung and kidney meridians. These are the meridians most easily affected by cold temperatures. A practitioner can recognize whether cold is cause of an imbalance when the following symptomatic patterns emerge:

· a preference for warm beverages
· frequent sensations of cold or being chilled
· a worsening of painful symptoms in cold conditions
· pale facial complexion
· profuse and watery urination

Once it is understood that cold is a culprit, using heat becomes a logical therapeutic choice. A common TCM technique, moxibustion is the burning of an herb over an acupressure point or meridian to impart warmth. While admittedly beyond the scope of practice of most massage therapists, there are other methods of warming a chilled meridian. Using hot stone massage is an alternate technique to warm and invigorate the energy within a meridian.

The Union
Continued education fuels creativity. Knowing how to give a skilled hot stone massage and combining it with meridian massage will enhance your sessions. Once you are aware that a client could use some energetic warming, the treatment you can capably provide will rival any of the most respected therapies available.

Recommended Study:
Stone Massage
Shiatsu Anma Therapy

References:

Alexandra, Sonia, LMT, Stone Massage Therapy: A Catalyst for Health, Massage Today, November 2003.

Baltz, Bruce, Deep Tissue Healing: The Art of Stone Massage, Massage Today, January 2005.

www.ezinearticles.com, Hot Stone Massage Guide eBook, Kareen Fellows, Ezinearticles.com, 2006.

www.hb.syl.com, A Stone Massage Description - Useful Knowledge for Self-Maintenance, www.syl.com, March 2006.

www.neholistic.com, The Breath in the Stone, Karyn Chabot, D.Ay., LMT, The North East Directory of Holistic Resources, 2006.

www.nhi.edu, Hot Stone Massage: An Ancient Tradition That Still Rocks! Upasana Titterington, National Holistic Institute, 2006.

Posted by Editors at 11:24 AM

© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org