Learn which essential oils used during a bodywork session can help alleviate many of the most common digestive complaints.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

Have you noticed how many clients report they have a digestive problem? According to the Harvard Health Publication, The Sensitive Gut, one in four people have frequent gastrointestinal (GI) problems that can severely disrupt a normal lifestyle. Although massage therapists are not recruited to diagnose or treat medical conditions, incorporating aromatherapy into a bodywork session can soothe and even improve digestive problem symptoms.

GI Problems
In North America, at least 100 million people are estimated to have recurrent, long-term, gastrointestinal symptoms. Of those people, over 80 million suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a diagnosis typically given when no other well-defined digestive disease can be found. Unfortunately, IBS often has a limited response to medication. The most common digestive symptoms include:

· Abdominal pain
· Abdominal distention with excessive gas
· Constipation
· Diarrhea
· Heartburn

The center of our body’s food processing, nutrient absorption, hormone manufacture and waste elimination, the digestive system can produce many discomforts that may be eased by aromatherapy.

Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy uses highly concentrated essential oils extracted from plants to stimulate the healing process and to treat symptoms of illness. Applied topically on its own or in a blend, essential oils can ease cramps, gas, bloating, heartburn, indigestion, stomach pain and elimination difficulties. Because they are very potent, only a drop or two is needed to achieve results. Some of the best essential oils for treating digestive complaints include:

· Peppermint – one of the most well-known herbs for the digestive system, peppermint’s cooling and soothing properties categorizes it as an anti-inflammatory oil. Peppermint is widely used to reduce flatulence, cool ulcers and provide heartburn relief.

· Anise or Fennel – Anise or fennel essential oils are known as digestive tonics with anti-spasmodic and antiseptic properties. These can be helpful for easing gas pain, cramps, bloating and nausea. In addition, many practitioners use anise or fennel to help balance hormones.

· Cinnamon – A powerful antimicrobial essential oil, cinnamon is used to warm a cold, painful belly or to fight infection. More recent applications of cinnamon include boosting the metabolism and aiding weight loss. However, this oil must be used sparingly and with caution because it can be irritating to the skin.

· Ginger – The essential oil of this popular root helps warm and tonify the digestive system. Ginger oil is preferred when working with a client who has nausea or vomiting and has an abdomen that feels cold. In addition, using this oil on the lower back can help stimulate a sluggish large intestine.

An essential oil blend* geared towards digestive health can add a unique therapeutic value to an aromatherapy massage. While only a therapist with specific training in aromatherapy is advised to prepare and apply essential oil blends, the following suggestions are easily incorporated into a session:

· Blend orange, peppermint and chamomile oils for a general digestive massage oil blend.

· When massaged into the abdomen, a blend of chamomile and lavender oils can help ease abdominal cramping and gas pains.

· Heartburn can be relieved by massaging the abdomen with a blend of orange and chamomile essential oils.

*Only professionals schooled in blending should work with mixing oils. A blend always consists of a few drops of essential oils in one or several ounces of neutral carrier oil.

As the most potent part of a plant, essential oils are being increasingly recognized as possessing substantial healing power. Since they are absorbed by the skin and incorporated into the circulation, the skillful, topical application of essential oils can add another healing dimension to any bodyworker’s practice. Whether addressing abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, nausea, heartburn or constipation, aromatherapy can help ease your clients’ digestive woes.

Recommended Study:
Advanced Anatomy and Pathology
Aromatherapy Essentials

References:

http://naturalmedicine.suite101.com, Essential Oils Aid Digestion, Victoria Anisman-Reiner, March 2008.

www.ehow.com, How to Use Aromatherapy for Indigestion, eHow Inc., 2008.

www.health.harvard.edu, Browse our Publications on Digestive Problems, Harvard University, 2008.

www.healthy.net, Aromatherapy for the Digestive System, Kathi Keville, Mindy Green, Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art, Crossing Press, 1995.

www.nutramed.com, Solutions for Digestive Disorders, Environmed Research Inc., 2008.

Posted by Editors at 10:06 AM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are leucine, isoleucine, and valine. BCAAs are considered essential amino acids because human beings cannot survive unless these amino acids are present in the diet.
What do they do?
BCAAs are needed for the maintenance of muscle tissue and appear to preserve muscle stores of glycogen (a storage form of carbohydrate that can be converted into energy). BCAAs also help prevent muscle protein breakdown during exercise.

Some research has shown that BCAA supplementation (typically 10-20 grams per day) does not result in meaningful changes in body composition, nor does it improve exercise performance or enhance the effects of physical training. However, BCAA supplementation may be useful in special situations, such as preventing muscle loss at high altitudes and prolonging endurance performance in the heat. Studies by one group of researchers suggest that BCAA supplementation may also improve exercise-induced declines in some aspects of mental functioning.

BCAA Benefits
BCAAs can active glutamate dehydrogenase—an enzyme that is deficient in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig’s disease. In one double-blind trial, 26 grams per day of BCAA supplements helped those with ALS maintain muscle strength. However, a larger study was ended early when people using BCAAs not only failed to improve, but experienced higher death rates than the placebo group. Other studies have shown no benefit of BCAA supplementation for ALS or other neuromuscular diseases, though a small group of people suffering from diseases of the nervous system collectively called spinocerebellar degeneration did improve when given BCAAs in a preliminary study.

One study investigating the advantages of BCAA supplementation for people with diabetes undergoing an intense exercise program found no additional benefit of BCAAs on reducing abdominal fat or improving glucose metabolism.

Patients with liver diseases that lead to coma—called hepatic encephalopathy—have low concentrations of BCAAs and excess levels of certain other amino acids. Preliminary research suggested that people with this condition might be helped by BCAAs. Double-blind studies have produced somewhat inconsistent results, but a reanalysis of these studies found an overall benefit for the symptoms of encephalopathy. Therapeutic effects of BCAAs have also been shown in children with liver failureand adults with cirrhosis of the liver. Any treatment of people with liver failure requires the direction of a physician.

People with chronic kidney failure may also benefit from BCAA supplementation. A preliminary study found improved breathing and sleep quality in people given intravenous BCAAs during kidney dialysis.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease that causes abnormally high amounts of phenylalanine and its end products to accumulate in the blood, causing damage to the nervous system. A controlled trial demonstrated that regular use of BCAAs by adolescents and young adults with PKU, improved performance on some tests of mental functioning.

This outcome makes sense because BCAAs may compete with phenylalanine, reducing its toxic effects.

By Prerna Salla
Published: 2/12/2005

There are many different types of massage oils available.

At the health food store, you’ll find single massage oils such as sweet almond oil or avocado oil. If you shop at spa shops or skin care stores, you’re more likely to find blended massage oils containing two or more massage oils.

Why is it important to know about the different massage oils? Some oils are more likely to leave you feeling greasy after the massage, while other massage oils go rancid quickly and take on an unpleasant smell. Worse, some oils might irritate skin or cause allergic reactions.

These massage oils can be used alone or in combination. Here are my five top choices.

1. Sweet Almond Oil
Sweet almond oil is one of the most popular massage oils among massage therapists. Extracted from almonds, sweet almond oil is pale yellow in color.

It is slightly oily, which allows hands to glide easily over skin. Sweet almond oil is absorbed fairly quickly, but not so quickly that you need to keep reapplying it.

Compared with other oils, sweet almond oil is reasonably priced. It usually does not irritate skin. People with nut allergies should not use almond oil.

2. Apricot kernel oil
Apricot kernel oil is similar in texture and color to almond oil, but costs slightly more. It is rich in vitamin E, a quality that gives it a longer shelf life than the typical oil.

Like almond oil, apricot kernel oil is absorbed into the skin, so it won’t leave people feeling greasy afterwards. This property also makes it a good oil to use for aromatherapy massage.

Apricot kernel oil is a good alternative to sweet almond oil for people with nut allergies.

3. Jojoba Oil
Jojoba is actually a wax extracted from the seed of the jojoba plant. Jojoba is a good option for most people prone to back acne because it is thought to have antibacterial properties and contains long chain wax esters that closely resembles skin sebum.

Jojoba has a very long shelf life, so it’s a good choice if you don’t use it regularly.

It is very well-absorbed, which makes it a favorite carrier oil for aromatherapy. Jojoba is usually not irritating to skin.

One drawback: jojoba oil is so silky and quickly absorbed, you may need to reapply it often or mix it with other oils listed here. It is more pricey than sweet almond oil.

4. Fractionated Coconut Oil
Although you may think of coconut oil as being a thick, white solid oil, fractionated coconut oil is actually a light, non-greasy, liquid oil.

It is called fractionated coconut oil because it contains only a fraction of the whole oil. The long-chain triglycerides have been removed, leaving only the medium-chain triglycerides.

Fractionated coconut oil is less pricey than many other oils (it’s comparable to sweet almond oil) and like jojoba oil, has a very long shelf life. But perhaps the top feature of fractionated coconut oil is that it tends not to stain sheets, a problem with most massage oils.

5. Sunflower Oil
Sunflower oil is a light, non-greasy oil that won’t leave skin feeling oily. The oil, extracted from sunflower seeds, is rich in the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, as well as palmitic acid and stearic acid, all components of healthy skin. The amount of linoleic acid in skin declines with age and can be stripped by harsh soaps and cleansers.

Sunflower oil can go rancid quickly, so it should be purchased in small quantities and stored in a dark cool area. Squeezing one or two capsules of pure vitamin E oil into the bottle may help to extend the shelf life.

People with allergies to the sunflower plant family should avoid sunflower oil.

Other Massage Oils
Avocado Oil
Avocado oil is pressed from the avocado fruit. Deep green in color, avocado oil is a heavier oil and is usually mixed with lighter massage oils such as sweet almond oil.

Avocado oil is roughly double the cost of sweet almond oil. People who are sensitive to latex may be sensitive to avocado oil.

Cocoa Butter
Cocoa butter is very rich and has a distinct chocolate aroma. It is solid at room temperature and has a heavy texture, so it needs to be blended with other oils or used only for very small areas.

Grapeseed Oil
In many respects, grapeseed oil makes a great massage oil. It has little-to-no odor, and it has a smooth, silky texture without being greasy.

However, most grapeseed oil is extracted from grape seeds using a solvent (rather than being pressed from the seeds), which some aromatherapists say make it an inferior oil for aromatherapy massage.

Kukui Nut Oil
A light, thin, non-greasy oil. Native to a Hawaii, kukui nut oil is typically used on all skin types, including oily skin and sun-damaged skin.

Olive Oil
Most people are familiar with olive oil as a cooking oil, but it is occasionally used for massage. It is a heavy oil with a greasy or sticky texture and recognizable aroma that many associate with cooking, so it’s usually not used on its own for massage.

One study compared topical olive oil with sunflower oil and found that olive oil had no effect on epidermal barrier function, whereas topical sunflower oil resulted in significant improvement in the skin barrier.

Sesame Oil
Sesame oil is prized in Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India. It is used in a daily Ayurvedic self-massage called abhyanga, as well as shirodhara.

According to Ayurveda, sesame oil is especially useful for nourishing and detoxifying and for ailments associated with the vata type, such as anxiety, poor circulation, constipation, bloating, and excessive dryness.

Sesame oil is a rather thick oil that may leave skin feeling oily, so it can be blended with lighter massage oils. The unrefined oil has a strong aroma.

Shea Butter
Extracted from the seeds of a tree native to Africa, shea butter is a solid at room temperature. Like cocoa butter, shea butter is heavy and can leave an oily feeling on skin, so it is usually not used on its own for massage. It may be blended or used for very small areas.

Shea contains a natural latex, so people with latex allergies should do a patch test before using it.

Holy oil is known as an ideal carrier oil due to its molecular structure. It carries essential oils deep into the skin. An excellent glide, non-greasy, odourless, hypoallergenic oil.

Wheat Germ Oil
Wheat germ oil is too thick to use on its own as a massage oil, but it can be blended with lighter oils. Wheat germ oil is rich in vitamin E.
And finally, instead of oil, massage therapists often use specially-formulated massage gels and lotions.

With so many consumers living with chronic pain, massage therapists astutely study and practice techniques aimed toward pain relief. However, the most potent tool for helping a client overcome their pain resides in the therapist’s head - not in their hands.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

The bulk of most massage therapists’ work is with clients in chronic pain. To offer the most beneficial treatment, bodyworkers continually study mechanisms of pain, observe dysfunctional patterns in their clients, interview clients to uncover the source of their pain and learn new methods to relieve pain. However, helping clients triumph over their pain could be simpler than most practitioners realize. In fact, when working with each individual, the massage therapist’s mindset could possibly be the most powerful aspect of the healing process.

Defining Pain
When we are hurt, there is no question what pain is. From a physiological perspective, pain is defined as a bodily discomfort. From a psychological perspective, pain is regarded as an unpleasant sensory experience or emotional suffering. As recognized by Livingston in his book, Pain Mechanism: A Physiologic Interpretation of Causalgia and Its Related States, “The chief difficulty encountered in a search for a satisfactory definition for pain, is the fact that it can be considered from either a physiologic or psychological perspective. Any consideration of pain, by one approach alone, without due regard for the other, is incomplete.”

Clearly, the experience of pain encompasses phenomena larger than what can be explained in simple anatomical terms. By jumping outside of the confines of biology, physicists may have a firmer grasp of what pain actually is. Since Albert Einstein taught us early in this century that matter and energy are interchangeable, quantum physics has amply confirmed his theory. Despite this universally understood concept, conventional medicine continues to address the body primarily as matter. Fortunately, massage therapists and other complementary medical providers are able to bridge this disparaging gap in understanding pain with insight into the dynamics of energy.

Healing with Energy
Comprehending the presence of energy throughout every human being is a cornerstone for many types of bodywork. In general, physical, chronic pain is viewed as a disruption of a person’s energy flow. Especially prominent in the modalities of acupressure derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Therapeutic Touch, encouraging unobstructed energetic movement is the basis for many effective pain relief sessions.

· Acupressure techniques are mostly designed to stimulate energy circulation. In Chinese culture and medical thought, energy is the source of life and its ability to flow without restriction is the primary gauge of a person’s health. A Chinese proverb says that “where there is blockage, there is pain and where there is no blockage, there is no pain.” This refers to the definition of pain as an energetic blockage, and removing the blockage eliminates pain.

· Practitioners of Therapeutic Touch use their own energy to detect their client’s energy field and correct any imbalances. It has been theorized that healing touch affects patients through the connection of energy fields within and outside of the physical body. The treatment of symptoms is thought to occur when the movement of energy (originating within the practitioner then influencing the client’s energy) stimulates internal, self-balancing mechanisms.

Mindset
Massage therapists who can appreciate the effortless conversion between energy and matter, who recognize the association between hampered energy flow and pain, and who use their own energy to positively influence their client’s healing process are just a short step away from recognizing the importance of their mindset for healing. Assuming Einstein’s E=mc2 is correct, practitioners purposefully channeling their energy toward free flowing, pain-free energy flow can transfer that same intention to their client’s physical body.

While advising therapists to think positively about their client’s health condition is easy to instruct, the biggest challenge lies in the intense quest to provide pain relief. After a thorough interview and evaluation of a client’s complaints, it is natural for practitioners to mentally become completely absorbed in their client’s painful condition. The most common thought process entails focusing on a client’s pain and imbalance, and then shifting to how to relieve the pain and correct the imbalance. Unfortunately, both of these perceptions still hold the painful problem as the primary focus.

Instead of staying in the frame of mind associated with pain, practitioners can be much more valuable to their clients by completely reversing their perspective. With an intentional focus and visualization on your client feeling great and experiencing free and easy energy flow throughout their body, you can influence their cells to entrain with your thoughts. Practitioners able to envision their clients being pain-free while working with them can exert a subtle yet more powerful influence on their health than any medical intervention possibly could.

Using positive mental imagery for accomplishing a goal is nothing new. Professional athletes do it to prepare for a sports event and entrepreneurs write a business plan to ensure their goals come to fruition. Confirmed by quantum physics, acupressure theory and the therapeutic touch model, massage therapists can improve their clients’ outcomes by maintaining a positive mindset. By holding a mental vision of health for their clients, bodyworkers can assist in their transformation from congested energy and subsequent pain into a state with freely flowing energy that is completely pain-free.

Recommended Study:
Healing Energy and Touch
Shiatsu Anma
Accepting Your Power to Heal
The Spiritual Dimension of Therapeutic Touch

References:

Chen, Lih-Mih, RN, PhD, et al., Concepts Within the Chinese Culture That Influence the Cancer Pain Experience, Cancer Nursing, March/April 2008.

Livingston WK, Pain Mechanism: A Physiologic Interpretation of Causalgia and Its Related States, New York, NY, MacMillan, 1943.

www.ih1.com, Therapeutic Touch, Aetna Intelihealth Inc., 2008.

www.liversupport.com/wordpress, Law of Attraction Combo for Liver Health, Nicole Cutler, L.Ac., Natural Wellness, 2008.

www.wholistichealingresearch.com, Spiritual Healing: A Unifying Influence in Complementary/ Alternative Therapies, Wholistic Healing Publications, 2008.

Posted by Editors at 03:10 PM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org

With just a few simple changes, discover more tips on how massage therapists can take better care of the earth and their clients.

by Linda Fehrs, LMT

As massage therapists, our clients often look to us for simple ways to improve and maintain their health. Massage therapy could be thought of as a collection of non-invasive, non-toxic techniques and tools that help to reduce blood pressure, increase circulation and improve muscle tone. Our needs as professionals are few. All that is required at the very basic level is a trained pair of hands and a body to work on. The next step up would perhaps include a good quality massage table, some clean sheets and safe, healthy lubricants. A good location, somewhere to set up, is of course also necessary. It doesn’t get much easier, or greener, than that.

As time goes on, though, we may develop some bad habits, or not look into newer, more environmentally friendly ways of doing things. Most, if not all, of us can do better. We can make our practices healthier for ourselves and for our clients and, in turn, help the earth.

Here are ten simple ways to make your home and your practice a place that is not only safe and healthy for you, but also has a positive effect on the environment.

1. Drive Less – If possible, use public transportation, or if your office is close enough, walk or ride a bicycle to your practice. You might want to consider the benefits of working out of your home and eliminate commuting all together. There are no motorized vehicles that are totally non-polluting. Even the newer hybrid cars use some gasoline, and a totally electric car still uses unhealthy materials to produce electricity and batteries.

2. Adjust Your Thermostat – By lowering your thermostat by a few degrees in the winter months and raising it in the summer, you will not only reduce the use of energy that is used to produce it, but could also see a savings of 25 to 30 percent on your heating and air-conditioning bills. Remember to lower your thermostat as well during times you are not using your office, such as overnight or while on vacation.

3. Switch to Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs or LED’s (Light Emitting Diodes) – Consider using these instead of incandescent bulbs at your desk or in your waiting room. They last longer and are more efficient than incandescent bulbs, resulting in the use of between 30 and 75 percent less electricity. If you are concerned about the harshness of the light, soften it with warm colored lampshades. Also, remember to turn off any lights in unoccupied rooms.

4. Buy in Bulk – Purchasing often used items in larger containers will save on packaging as well as cost. Massage oils, lotions and creams can be bought in large quantity and your small bottles can be refilled.

5. Use Environmentally Friendly Cleaners – Massage offices need to be clean, but that doesn’t mean having to use harsh or toxic chemicals. Many stores now carry gentle but efficient cleaning products. Going back to basics is often the best and there are many books and websites offering easy recipes for creating your own cleaning materials.

6. Use Cloth Bags Instead of Paper or Plastic – Using and reusing cloth bags for shopping ends the debate on paper vs. plastic when it comes to groceries or other products you purchase. Cloth bags are stronger, usually hold more and nothing new is added to landfills.

7. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle – Reducing your consumption of one-use items such as disposable razors, plastic water bottles and overly packaged food, reusing what you already have on hand like glass containers, and recycling things made of paper, plastic and metal items helps to lighten the load on local landfills.

8. Visit Your Local Library – By taking advantage of the library you can reduce the number of magazines you buy or subscribe to and minimize the number of books you buy. This helps to save valuable trees, which in turn helps wildlife to survive.

9. Buy Organic – As much as possible eat organic food and use organic materials, such as oils and sheets in your practice. Crops grown using pesticides have been shown to have negative health effects including damage to the nervous system, cancer and birth defects. Growing crops organically decreases this risk not only for the consumer but also farmers and animals.

10. Support Local Vendors – By shopping locally, especially at farmer’s markets or small businesses, you help lower your own fuel consumption as well as reduce the amount of energy it takes to transport goods across the country. Shopping within your community also helps the local economy, providing jobs close to home and resulting in less gas consumption.

Every day, in both large and small ways, we can help to make our offices and homes more eco-friendly. Something as simple as using essential oils instead of commercial air fresheners can reduce allergic reactions and may even help to alleviate the symptoms of asthma or other respiratory problems. Walking short distances instead of driving not only reduces air pollution, but it also gives our body exercise, allows us to slow down and we may see the world around us in new ways.

Setting good examples and letting our clients know that we care about the environment shows we care about their health and safety as well.

Recommended Study:
Developing a Wellness Center

Resources:

Bond, Annie, Home Enlightenment: Practical, Earth-Friendly Advice for Creating a Nurturing, Healthy, Toxin Free Home and Lifestyle, Rodale Books, September 2005.

www.care2.com, Green Living, Care2, 2008.

www.earthshare.org, Workplace Campaigns, EarthShare, Spring 2007.

www.epa.gov, Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Environmental Protection Agency, 2008.

www.greenbiz.com, Small Business, GreenBiz.Com, 2008.

www.greenthislife.com, A Bright Idea: Eco Conscious Lighting, Blake Frino, Green This Life, December 2008.

www.massagemag.com, How Green is Your Massage Practice?, Karen Menehan, Massage Magazine, March 2008.

www.amtamassage.com/mtj, Going Green, Elizabeth Barker, Massage Therapy Journal, Fall 2007.

Posted by Editors at 12:27 PM
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org

As massage therapists learn to incorporate aromatherapy into their sessions, they must be prepared for the dramatic results that will ensue. Uncover our experts’ eight tips to safely and effectively use essential oils.

by Nicole Cutler, L.Ac.

An increasing number of massage therapists are adding the use of essential oils into their bodywork sessions. Because of the ease of incorporation into a treatment, enthusiastic client appreciation and increased therapeutic benefits are all responsible for the increased inclusion of therapeutic essential oils into a bodyworker’s repertoire.

Whether using lavender to enhance relaxation, juniper to relieve arthritis pain or clary sage to ease depression, adding a few drops of a high quality essential oil to a carrier oil can add an entirely new dimension to somatic healing therapies. Aromatherapy is rooted in science, and intensive study of this field unveils its layers of complexity in botany, neurobiology and organic chemistry. While essential oils can be purchased anywhere and used by anyone interested, the use of high quality, 100 percent pure and unadulterated essential oils is recommended after acquiring in-depth, working knowledge of their therapeutic uses. The following tips will help those therapists with a basic foundational introduction to maintain essential oil safety and outcome optimization:

Do’s

1. Dilute - Always dilute an essential oil in a carrier oil prior to application. The vast majority of essential oils are too concentrated to apply directly to the skin, and some can cause serious irritation, such as cinnamon bark. However, dabbing lavender or tea tree oil directly on certain spots qualify as common exceptions. Examples of carrier oils are sweet almond, jojoba, apricot kernel, borage and grapeseed. A general rule of thumb is to mix 8-10 drops of an essential oil with one ounce of carrier oil.

2. Storage – Store essential oils in dark glass bottles, either amber or cobalt, in a cool, dark location. While high quality essential oils do not turn rancid, exposure to light, humidity, air and heat can break down the oil, reducing its therapeutic value. Keep them tightly capped. Most essential oils can remain at optimal potency for up to two years if kept chilled although, as a general rule, the citrus essential oils have a short shelf life and the florals the longest. In addition, essential oils are highly flammable, so keep them stored away from flames or other combustibles.

3. Test – Since the limbic brain anchors past experiences with associated aromas, and personal preferences vary, allow each client to take a whiff of an oil to determine his or her affinity for it. A negative emotional reaction to a smell will hinder any possible therapeutic benefits. In addition, by placing a drop of diluted essential oil on the skin, conduct a patch test for individuals with skin sensitivity. While this requires a 24-hour waiting period, you can determine if a client has sensitivity to the oil you wish to use during the following session.

4. Specific health concerns – For specific health concerns, consult an aromatherapy text, seek the advice of a certified aromatherapist, or take a NAHA-approved educational course, such as the Institute’s Aromatherapy Essentials for the Massage Therapist. Conditions such as epilepsy, asthma and high blood pressure warrant specific training in the safe use of essential oils. While some oils may exacerbate these conditions, others may provide substantial benefits. Research extensively and continue to study aromatherapy to learn as much as you can before addressing specific health concerns.

Don’ts

1. Pregnancy – Safety is key. Do not use certain essential oils topically on a pregnant woman. Several sources conclude that the following oils may be harmful during pregnancy and should be avoided in any form whether topical, diffused, or in hydrotherapy: bitter almond, basil, cedarwood, cinnamon, rosemary, peppermint, rose, sage, thyme, wintergreen, clary sage, cypress, hyssop, clove bud, marjoram, myrrh, juniper, geranium and fennel. If using any essential oils during pregnancy, first assess safety.

2. Mucous membranes – Because they are potent and can be highly irritating, do not allow any essential oils to make contact with eyes or other mucous membranes and wash hands after handling. This includes refraining from rubbing one’s eyes or touching genitalia with any essential oil residue on the hands. Be aware the undiluted essential oils can damage the surface of furniture so clean up spills promptly. Rubbing alcohol can be an effective aid for such clean ups.

3. Ingestion – Do not ingest essential oils. Many are toxic when taken internally, and an attempt to ingest essential oils should only commence under the direct advice and care of a highly competent, experienced, certified aromatherapist with medical training.

4. Sun exposure – Some oils, especially in the citrus family, can render the skin photosensitive and cause pigmentation. Do not apply to uncovered areas prior to sun exposure, especially if there is a history of melanoma. Oils known to have this effect include bergamot, lime, cumin, mandarin, lemon, tangerine, orange, verbena, angelica, caraway, cassia, cinnamon bark, grapefruit, honeysuckle, laurel leaf, patchouli, cedarwood and dill weed.

The above tips serve as a guide to help a novice safely experiment with essential oil use. To fully incorporate aromatherapy into your practice, a comprehensive NAHA (National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy) approved course such as Aromatherapy Essentials, is highly recommended. After mastering these basic safety aspects of aromatherapy, you’ll appreciate the simplicity of including therapeutic oils into a massage session. Clients love the smell and additional dimension of healing experienced with aromatherapy. The advantages of essential oil massage is steadily catching on in the bodywork community, heightening the demand for educated, skilled aromatherapy practitioners.

Recommended Study:

Aromatherapy Essentials

References:

Ark Creative, Aromatherapy Oils, Top That! Publishing, Valencia, CA 2003.

www.aromaweb.com, Aromatherapy Tips for Beginners, AromaWeb, 2006.

www.candledance.com, Cautions on Oil Use, CandleDance, 3/19/06.

www.joellessacredgrove.com, Essential Oil Tips, Joelle Miller, 2001.
© 2009 Institute for Integrative HealthCare Studies. This work is reproduced with the permission of the Institute. www.Integrative-Healthcare.org

There are so many massage oil products on the market today, in this article we’ll take a look at various types, which ones to choose from, and which ones to avoid like the plague.

There are two main groups of oils used: vegetable fats and oils, and mineral oils. Many massage products today contain mineral oils. They are synthetic, and even though they have a long shelf life and provide good lubrication, they can be very bad for the skin and body.

Mineral Oils create a thin film on the surface of the skin, which clogs the pores and stops the skin from breathing. Also, they do not contain any vitamins and disrupt the body’s natural ability to absorb fat soluble vitamins. Even though mineral oils appear to moisturize the skin, in reality they are preventing normal, healthy functioning. The skin becomes dependant on these mineral oils and with long-term use this results in a deterioration of the skin’s ability to stay healthy.

Vegetable fats and oils on the other hand are easily absorbed by the skin and give vital energy to the body. They are used to create new cells. Most vegetable oils contain vitamins which are necessary for healthy skin. They also soften the skin and help it to retain moisture. Certain vegetable oils with a lot of monounsaturated fatty acids like Avocado and Almond oil provide great lubrication, keep well, and nourish the skin.

The other group of massage oils that are used are Polyunsaturated fatty acids. A lack of these essential fatty acids can lead to rashes, eczema and dry skin. These oils act as a vitamin for the skin.

A couple types of polyunsaturated fatty acids are Linoleic and Linolenic acid. They need to be combined with vitamin E to stop them from going bad quickly. They are thin liquids which are easily absorbed by the skin, drier than other fatty acids and they reduce the size of skin pores. They are great for people with oily skin and large pores. Some Vegatable oils that contain a lot of polyunsaturated acids are Sunflower Oil, Evening Primrose Oil and Grape Seed Oil.

Oils should always be Cold Pressed to make sure that the vitamins and fatty acids are not destroyed during the manufacturing process. Most commercial grade vegetable oils which are intended for use in cooking are obtained by solvent extraction and then refined which destroys most of the beneficial properties in the oil.

Now we’ll take a look at some of the properties of the most popular healthy oils:

Almond oil
Almond oil is an excellent emollient (softens and soothes the skin) and helps the skin to keep it’s moisture balance. This is one of the more popular carrier oils used in aromatherapy and massage as it’s non-greasy, spreads easy and is great for nourishing the skin.

Jojoba oil
Jojoba oil is also an excellent moisturizer and is great for all skin types. It can usually be used on blemished skin without irritation. Jojoba penetrates the skin easily and is suitable for all skin types. Preferably, Jojoba should be blended with other oils as on it’s own it does not give enough nourishment to the skin. Also, Jojoba keeps for up to 5 years before it goes bad.

Grapeseed oil
Grapeseed oil is rich in linoleic acid. It is known to have regenerative and restructuring qualites as well as excellent moisturizing properties. Grapeseed oil is non-greasy and contains vitamins, minerals, protein, Gamma Linoleic Acid, and a small amount of vitamin E.

Apricot oil
Apricot oil has moisturizing, nourishing and revitalizing properties and is particularily helpful for dehydrated, delicate, mature and sensitive skin. It also helps to soothe inflammation. This finely textured oil spreads easily and is particularily rich in oileic acid and linoleic acid.

Avocado oil
Avocado oil is often used for clients with dry or mature skin, and for people with eczema, psoriasis or similar conditions. It is also very useful for treating skin that is damaged, dehydrated and undernourished. It is known to regenerate the skin and soften the tissue. Although it can be used pure, it is in most cases mixed with another carrier like Almond oil or Grapeseed. It is easily absorbed into the skin and deep tissue and excellent emollient properties.

Wheat germ oil
Wheat germ oil has a high vitamin E conent and lots of essential fatty acids. It is known to help promote a smoother, younger looking skin and assists in healing scar tissues as well as stretch marks. It is too sticky to use on its own, but is excellent when blended with lighter carriers such as almond oil. It is known to to promote the formation of new cells, improve circulation and help repair sun damage. Also it is helpful for the symptoms of dermatitis. This carrier is known to stimulate tissue regeneration and is often added to other blends because of its antioxidant properties.

Hazelnut oil
Hazelnut oil is fine in texture and has excellent moisturizing properties. Hazelnut can also help tone and tighten the skin while strengthening capillaries and assisting in cell regeneration.

I suggest that you experiment with mixing different oils together and see how your skin responds. We all have different types of skin and what works well for one person may not work for another.

About The Author
JSun Storm is a Yoga Instructor and Teacher of Hawaiian LomiLomi Massage. You can visit his website at http://www.LearnHawaiianMassage.com.

What Are Essential Oils?

Essential oils are highly concentrated natural plant extracts; a drop or two can produce significant results. An entire plant, when distilled, might produce only a single drop of essential oil. That is why their potency is far greater than dried herbs. Pressing or distillation extracts the subtle, volatile liquids (meaning they evaporate quickly) from plants, shrubs, flowers, trees, roots, bushes, and seeds, that make up essential oils.

Essential oils are the life-blood of the plant, protecting it from bacterial and viral infections, cleansing breaks in its tissue and delivering oxygen and nutrients into the cells. In essence, they act as the immune system of the plant. That is why they are so essential to the plant — without them, plants could not survive.

In the human body, they have a similar action — such as transporting valuable nutrients to the cells; increasing oxygen intake, and digesting toxic waste in the blood. This is because the three primary elements - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen-are common to both human beings and essential oils. This shared chemistry makes essential oils one of the most compatible of all plant substances with human biochemistry.

Not only that, but the lipid-soluble structure of essential oils and the fact that they have a protein-like structure similar to human cells and tissues makes them even more compatible with human tissue.

Essential oils are very different from vegetable oils (also called fatty oils), such as corn oil, olive oil, peanut oil, etc. Fatty oils are produced by pressing nuts or seeds. They are quite greasy, are not antimicrobial nor help transport oxygen, and will go rancid over time. Essential oils, however, are not greasy nor do they clog the pores like vegetable oils can.

Essential oils are highly complex substances. They are mosaics of hundreds - even thousands - of different natural chemicals. The average essential oil may contain anywhere from 80 to 400 known chemical constituents. Many oils contain even more, occurring in minute quantities - but all contributing to the oil’s therapeutic effects. It requires years of study to understand these constituents, their activity and functions.

Different varieties of the same oil can have widely different therapeutic actions, depending on their chemistry. For example, basil high in linalool or fenchol is primarily used for its antiseptic properties. However, basil high in methyl chavicol is more anti-inflammatory than antiseptic. A third type, basil high in eugenol, has both anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects.

In addition, essential oils can be processed in different ways, which dramatically effects their chemistry and medicinal action. Oils that have been redistilled two or three times are obviously not as potent as oils that have been distilled only once. Also, oils that are subjected to high heat and pressure in processing have an inferior profile of chemical constituents, since excessive heat and temperature fractures and breaks down many of the delicate aromatic compounds within the oil — compounds that are responsible for much of the therapeutic action of the oil.

Of even greater importance is the fact that some oils are thinned or cut (i.e. adulterated) with synthetic chemicals.

The Different Types of Essential Oils

Essential oils are obtained by different methods — distillation being the most familiar. There are four types of essential oils:

1. Absolutes vs. concretes
2. Expressed
3. Solvent-extracted
4. Steam-distilled

Absolutes are “essences,” rather than “essential” oils. They are generally obtained from the extraction of a concrete with alcohol. A concrete is the solid waxy residue derived from hexane extraction of plant material (usually the flower petals).

This method of extraction is used for botanicals where the fragrance and therapeutic parts of the plant can only be unlocked using solvents. These are not to be used internally, as traces of petrochemicals remain in the oil. Jasmine and neroli are examples of absolutes.

Expressed oils are pressed from the rind of fruits (usually citrus). Tangerines, grapefruits, lemons and oranges are produced by this method. Technically speaking, these are not “essential oils” - they are expressed oils, but they are highly regarded for their therapeutic properties, none the less. It is best to use only organically grown crops for this method, since pesticide residues, especially highly toxic, oil-soluble carbamate and chloride-based petrochemicals, can become highly concentrated in the oil.

Solvent extration involves the use of oil-soluble solvents, such as hexane, dimethylenechloride, and acetone. There is no guarantee that the finished product will be free of solvent residues.

Steam distillation is the oldest and most traditional method of extraction. Plant material is inserted into a cooking chamber, and steam is passed through it. After the steam is collected and condensed, it is processed through a separator to collect the oil. The amount of pressure used, the amount of time the plant material is steamed and the material the steam chamber is constructed of contribute a great deal to the quality of the oil (or lack of).

How Essential Oils Are Used

Historically, there have been three models for using essential oils: the French, the German, and the English methods.

The English traditionally dilute a small amount of essential oil in vegetable oil and massage the body to relax and relieve stress.

The French prefer to ingest (swallow) therapeutic-grade essential oils. Many French practitioners have found that taking the oils internally is highly effective.

The Germans recommend inhalation of the essential oils. There is good reason for this - research has shown that these aromatic compounds can exert strong effects on the brain, especially on the hypothalamus (the hormone command center of the body) and the limbic system (the seat of emotions). Some essential oils can dramatically increase oxygenation and activity in the brain. Oils also increase ozone and negative ions, which inhibit bacterial growth. Essential oils can make chemicals non-toxic by fracturing their molecular structure. European scientists have found that essential oils work as natural chelators, bonding to metallics and chemicals and carrying them out of the body. Diffused essential oils make outstanding air filtration systems, helping to remove dust particles from the air and destroying odors from mold, cigarettes, animals, etc.

When diffused, the oils reach the brain by means of the olfactory system. The olfactory membranes have about 800 million nerve endings that receive micro-fine, vaporized oil particles. They carry them along the axon of the nerve fibers and connect them with the secondary neurons in the olfactory bulb. The impulses are then transported to the limbic system and the olfactory sensory center at the base of the brain. Then they pass between the pituitary and pineal gland and move to the amygdala - the memory center. The impulses than travel to the gustatory center where the sensation of taste is perceived.

The best method of application depends on the need. In some cases, inhalation might be preferred over topical application if the goal is to induce weight loss or balance mood and emotions. In other cases, topical application would produce better results, as in the case of muscle or spinal injuries. For indigestion, peppermint oil taken orally is very effective. Yet peppermint can also produce the same results when massaged on the stomach. In some cases, all three methods of application (topical, inhalation and ingestion) are interchangeable and may produce similar benefits.

The two most common methods of essential oil application are cold-air diffusing and neat (undiluted) topical application. Healing response is greatly enhanced when essential oils are incorporating into the disciplines of reflexology, Vita Flex, acupressure, acupuncture, auricular techniques, lymphatic massage, spinal touch, and the Raindrop Technique.

Shiatsu is a method of therapy wherein pressure is applied on particular points of the body with the thumb and fingers.
Shiatsu is a therapeutic form of massaging technique wherein finger pressure is used at various points along the meridians of the body. In fact, the term ‘Shiatsu’ is a Japanese word, which is derived from ‘Shi’, meaning fingers, and ‘Atsu’, meaning pressure. Basically it is a system of acupressure, which differs from acupuncture by the fact that no needles are used, and instead pressure is applied with the thumbs, other fingers, and also the palms, to various parts of the body. This is said to help in unblocking blockages of energy, thus re-energizing the whole system.

A Peek into the Origins of Shiatsu

It was in the early part of the 20th century that Tamai Tempaku, a Japanese practitioner, developed Shiatsu, incorporating modern medical know-how on physiology and anatomy into various ancient systems of treatment. At first, he named it ‘Shiatsu Ryoho, which means ‘healing with finer pressure’, which later was changed to ‘Shiatsu Ho’, meaning ‘finger pressure method’. Nowadays, it’s just referred to as ‘Shiatsu’. Shiatsu was given official recognition in 1964 by the Japanese government, thereby making it distinctive from Anma, the earlier type of traditional massage. The Shaitsu therapist diagnoses as well as heals, based on principles of the ancient medicinal systems of the East.

The Essential Characteristics of Shiatsu

One of the main characteristics of Shiatsu is its simplicity. It is based on the older form of massaging technique, which is known as Anma in Japan, and Tuina or Anmo in China, which incorporates pulling, pushing, tapping, kneading, stroking, and rubbing in order work the circulatory system and the muscles of the body. In Shiatsu, however, not much seems to be happening, with very few massaging techniques used. Instead a relaxed and static pressure is applied on a number of points of the body, either with the thumb, hand, or fingers, or a limb being rotated. It seems as if there is hardly any exertion involved, however, beneath the simple methods, there is a lot happening inside, with the energy system of the body being worked subtly.

In ancient Eastern traditions, the world is described in the form of energy, and everything is regarded as manifestations of a universal force, known in Japanese as ‘Ki’ and ‘Qi’ or ‘Chi’ in Chinese. Since Shiatsu has its origins in Japan, the term ‘Ki’ is the preferred word used. It is thought that the principal force of life’s substance as well as motive is Ki. Ki is usually defined as ‘energy, although it is also used for ‘breath’ in Chinese and Japanese languages. In the healing traditions of the East, the harmonization of the Ki in the body is thought to be an essential factor of health; hence, all endeavors are based on achieving this harmony of the Ki.

What are the Benefits derived from Shiatsu?

A scientific explanation for the benefits that people experience due to Shiatsu is that it provides relief to stiff and knotted muscles, alleviates stress, improves circulation and has a calming effect on a hyperactive nervous system.

Given below are some of the specific benefits that are attributed to be derived from Shiatsu sessions:
Balances the Ki
An improvement of blood circulation
Soothes nervousness
Relaxes tissues and muscles deeply
Reduces stress
Toxins released from the body
Eases stiffness in the neck
Alleviates joint pain and the resultant reduced mobility
Relieves headaches and back pain
Alleviated injuries from sports
Prevents ailment
Alleviates blood pressure
Increases flexibility
Alleviates anxiety
Enhances spiritual and mental awareness
Feels very soothing and relaxing

By Rita Putatunda
Published: 3/3/2008

There is nothing more relaxing than a soothing and gentle and potentially relaxing massage to de-stress. Within the high-tension and stress-driven lifestyles we lead today, we need to effectively relieve exhausted and fatigued muscles.
An ideal massage includes the perfect synchronization of all the vital components like the massage table or chair, the massage drape, the special massage oil and the expertise and experience of a professional masseur. Of all these components, there is no doubt that for the rejuvenated feeling desired, the massage oil used is of prime importance. The massage oils are suggested on basis of the area to be massaged and many a times for the specified health implication. There are a number of massage oils marketed today and easily available at pharmacies or special outlets all over the world.

The best massage oils are put together with organic and 100% natural botanical ingredients. They essentially contain no synthetic additives or derivatives or even chemicals. There are a number of aromatic and therapeutic oils now available that are reputed for enriching massage experiences, supported by clientele from the orient and the occident. The massage oils can also be purchased and applied in the comfort and convenience of the home or office. The massage oils are not very expensive and now special massage oil gift baskets are a rage in the ‘ideal gifts’ category. The oils are usually sold in glass bottles with attached pumps that enable easy application and reduce wastage.

There are special massage oils marketed and applied to relieve nagging aches and pains. They have deep penetrating and soothing herbal properties to relieve the body effectively of fatigue and stiffness. The massage oils are single extracts or combinations that offer a slightly euphoric aroma. The massage oils to relieve body ache are essentially organic olive oil, organic almond oil, jojoba oil and the combinations could be with organic calendula flowers, vitamin E oil or any other pure essential oil that the therapist may deem right.

The massage oil that is great in the treatment of tense muscles is created with the single extracts or combinations of organic almond oil, arnica oil, St John’s wort flower oil, lavender and vitamin E massage oil. This oil is very effective in combating bruises, strains and body ache from strenuous exercise. The rejuvenating and very refreshing massage with these oil components is a fantastic way to treat any sore and exhausted body. This massage oil is good to keep handy in every household. A ‘romantic’ indulgence that is not only erotic, but also an opulent massage oil concoction is a combination of herbal and test-proved sensual massage oils that also contain botanical ingredients and true essential oils. These ingredients include organic olive oil, organic almond oil, organic rosemary leaf, jojoba oil, organically grown rose petals and lavender flowers, essence of rose and that of the damiana leaf.

There are special gift baskets that could be put together for an exciting Valentine’s Day gift or one for a special anniversary or even as a gift to a close friend or relative on his or her wedding day. The exquisitely crafted kits are packaged in gift boxes and include an ounce of each of the hand picked oils. You can include the oils as per your budget and the gift is a great way to experiment with preferences. There are certain exotic and aromatic ‘general purpose’ massage oils that could simply be rubbed on for fun or as part of. You could even add a few drops of the oil to your bath for a deeply refreshing and aromatic experience. The bath experience is enhanced with sweet lavender essence, cinnamon essence and warm vetiver to offer just the right degree of warmth.

There are many different types of massage oils available in the markets world wide today. They can be accessed at a number of online and offline outlets and also health food stores. You could also indulge in the goodness of exotic sweet avocado oil. There are a number of dedicated spa shops and special skin care stores, where the perfect blends of the various massage oils can be accessed. Prior research helps a lot to avoid skin irritation or any allergic reactions.

By Gaynor Borade
Published: 2/27/2008